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It provides three of the four points of contact between weapon and shooter: the butt, the comb and the grip. The stock may be made of wood or a synthetic material. The butt plate is held against the shooter's shoulder, transferring the shotgun's recoil force to the shooter. The rearmost portion of the weapon will either be the butt plate or a more shock-absorbing recoil pad. Once the chamber is closed, the shooter is ready for their next shot. As the shooter pushes the fore-end grip forward, the bolt moves forward, pushing the new shell into the chamber. This opens the chamber, ejects the spent shell and allows the shell-carrier to raise the next shell into the loading position. The pump-action shotgun works on the same principle as a lever-action rifle: once the weapon is fired, the shooter pulls back on the fore-end grip, sliding it back. Often referred to as the police riot gun, its compact size and awesome firepower have made it a favorite with police for many years. It's best known as the traditional long gun of law enforcement. The pump-action shotgun is faster at cycling additional rounds than break-action models, making it a favorite with many hunters. When the action is opened quickly, the spent shells are completely ejected from the weapon, allowing for quicker reloads. Many newer models (especially double-barrels) also have ejectors. This allows the shooter to easily remove and replace the shells. Most single and double-barrel shotguns have an extractor mechanism that lifts the spent shell casing partially out of the chamber when the action is opened. Police riot shotguns need to be maneuverable in close quarters, so their barrel length is usually shorter (18-20 inches). Weapons designed to shoot fast-flying waterfowl can be a couple of inches longer. The standard barrel length is between 26-28 inches. The barrel length depends on the purpose of the weapon. Some double-barrel shotguns will have one smooth-bore barrel and one rifled barrel, for use exclusively with rifled slugs. This means the barrel does not have the lands and grooves present in a rifle barrel. Some double-barrel shotguns have no hammer showing and the weapon is automatically cocked by the force of the shooter opening the break-action to reload.Ī single-shot shotgun will usually have a smooth bore barrel. Many models are single-action, meaning the shooter has to manually cock the weapon by pulling back the hammer(s) until they lock. Single-shot shotguns will have one hammer while double-barrel shotguns will usually have two. The trigger guard surrounds either the single or double trigger system, preventing unintentional contact with the trigger and possible accidental discharge. However, some double-barrel shotguns only have one trigger, but also have a barrel selector lever. Many modern shotguns also have a safety lever right behind the hammer.Ī single-shot shotgun will have one trigger, while a double-barrel will usually have two triggers - one for each barrel. Located behind the hammer, this mechanism is either a side latch or push button that allows the action to open. The first type is the manually loaded single or double-barrel shotgun.īoth single and double-barrel shotguns are usually break-actions, meaning they pivot, opening at the breech, exposing the firing chambers and allowing them to be manually loaded by dropping a shell in the chamber. There are three main types of shotguns based on the weapon's action, or loading mechanism. These grooves cause the bullet to spin while traveling through the smooth-bore barrel of a shotgun, increasing its accuracy. In effect, this shell turns a shotgun into a rifle, as the shell contains one large bullet with spiral grooves on the sides. The final class of ammunition is the rifled slug. The load will contain nine or more large, round metal projectiles, which provide much greater stopping power with more penetration. If you're hunting a larger animal, buckshot is the preferable shell to use. This pattern Increases the odds of hitting a moving target without over-penetration.
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This load will contain fifty or more small, round metal projectiles which, when fired, will create a shot pattern. If you're hunting for small game such as waterfowl, birdshot may be the best shell to use. The type of shell selected will vary based on the weapon's intended purpose. There are three common types of shotgun shell. The diversity of projectiles a shotgun can fire makes it an adaptable and unique weapon. Shotguns are the only category of weapons that can launch multiple projectiles with a single discharge.